PAPER GRADES ( Product Classification )
The Paper has been classified in numerous grades and has been named accordingly such as:
1. WRITING AND PRINTING PAPER.
2. PAPER BOARDS
3. PACKAGING AND WRAPPING PAPER
4. SPECIALTIES.
For classifying Paper Grades, it is to identify commonly used categories and to enlist specific quality, which would normally be included in each category. The grade wise categories are either undefined or defined .
General Paper Grades are categorized on the basis of End Use, but in Technical Publications of paper grades categories are defined in general.
The categories of the Paper are identified on the basis f the following
1. END USE OF THE PAPER
2. FURNISH IN PAPER MAKING
On this basis it has been categorized under 12 heads including Market Pulp.
UNCOATED GROUND WOOD.
The Ground Wood pulp is produced by mechanically grinding the wood logs. This is high yield pulp and not easy bleachable. This gives low brightness pulp.
This quality product is produced mainly from Mechanical Pulp. Moistly uncoated ground wood Newsprint is manufactured in a grammage range from 40-50 g/m
2. In general the Paper Grammage varies from 24-75 g/m
2. This Paper is used for Directory, Computer stationary and Advertising supplements.
COATED GROUND WOOD.
Uncoated wood free paper is made with 100% chemical pulp. This is free from mechanical pulp. All writing and printing grades of paper fall in this category. This includes Bond, Azure, Bank and envelope paper etc. The grammage varies from 50-120 g/m2.
COATED WOOD FREE
Coated wood free paper may or may not contain 0-10% mechanical fibres. It may be coated n one side or both the sides. This paper is made in the grammage range from 70 -170 g/m2. The quality of this paper is better as compared to coated ground wood, in respect of brightness and strength. This paper is used for the printing of books, magazines and other commercial printings.
KRAFT PAPER
The kraft paper is made from unbleached pulp. This is a strong Paper made from various combinations of furnishes i.e. Unbleached Straw Pulp, Jute , bamboo wood pulp and other recycled paper as NDLKC or KCC etc. The grammage varies from 50-170 g/m2. The end use of this product is from wrapping, packaging and conversion.
BLEACHED PAPER BOARD
Bleached Paper board is made from Bleached Pulp. This may be coated either on one side or both or uncoated. For improvement of stiffness 5-10% mechanical fibres may or may not be added. The grammage varies from 130-450 g/m2. The end users are folding cartons, printed boards, computer cards and index cards.
UNBLEACHED PAPER BOARD
Made from virgin Kraft Pulp / Soda Pulp and some %age of Recycled fibres . This paper is mainly used for liner, generally used for making corrugated containers. The main characteristics of this paper is : "it has high crush resistance, so that packed material is not damaged in corrugated containers being made out of this paper. The grammage varies from 130-450 g/m2.
RECYCLED PAPER BOARD
Furnish is usually recovered fibre. Grades include corrugating medium, folding box bond, Paper board, Gypsum Liner and roofing felt. It is made from recycled fibres, available from packaging paper and boards. The grammage varies from 150-450 g/m2. Its end use is to make corrugated boxes. folding box board, gypsym liner and roof felting etc.
M.G. KRAFT
This is a machined glazed paper made on M.G. Machine from unbleached pulp, produced from agro-residues or wood based virgin or recycled pulp. This paper has very high gloss on one side. The grammage varies from 45-150 g/m2. Its end use is for packaging.
TISSUE
Generally tissue paper is made from 50% bleached chemical and 50% bleached mechanical pulps. The soft tissue is made 100% chemical pulps. These are highly absorbent paper used i toilet paper, fascial paper etc. It is being made in grammage range from 15-25 g/m2.
MARKET PULP
Different grades of Pulps are produced based on different fibrous raw material and different pulping processes. Such as sulpate, sulphite, soda, bisulphite pulps made from agro-residues, bamboo, hardwood, softwood and bagasse. The pulp sheets are available which can easily be transported.
OTHERS
The grades which do not fall in above categories are categorized in this grade. Such grades quality amounts to below 5% of Total Production. Its examples are Hardboard, Asbestos Board.
Thin Paper - Cigarette tissue, Condenser tissue, bible.
Dense paper - Glassine, grease proof, release, vegetable Parchment.
SECTIONS UNDER PAPER TRADE CUSTOMS
CONDITIONS OF SALE
1. Reels or Sheets are sold by weight.
2. Ream weight is based on nominal weight. It also includes the weight of Wrapper.
3. The reel weight is based on actual weight. It includes the weight of reel core, core plug, side wrapper,
corner protectors, wrapper and strings.
WRAPPERS
The chargeable weight shall include weight of necessary Ream and Reel Wrappers (not bale wrappers) string and centers in case of reels, cores, side discs of wrappers, corner/board.
SUBSTANCE OF VARIATION
Average in substance in a ream shall not exceed 5% either way.
GROUP 'A' : Nominal weight of the sheet shall be chargeable, if actual weight exceeds or is not more than
2 1/2 % under nominal weight. Actual weight shall be chargeable if more than 2 1/2 % under nominal weight.
GROUP 'B' : Actual weight of the sheets and reels shall be chargeable upto 2 1/2 % in excess of nominal..
GROUP 'C' : Actual weight of Sheets and Reels shall be chargeable provided average variation does not exceed 5% either way.
AVERAGE WEIGHT VARIATION SHALL NOT EXCEED EITHER WAY - 2.5% IN CASE OF A, B AND C.
SUBSTANCE : Basis weight may be tested as per IS:1060 Part-I
"weight of a given specimen of Paper in grams per square meter under atmospheric condition of R.H. 65 (+-) 2% and temperature 27 (+-) 2 degree C."
To find out the tolerance in substance, random samples in minimum size of 25*25 cms. shall be taken. These samples are conditioned for the period minimum of 4 hrs. for common verities of paper and for hard-sized conditioned time may be raised to 24 hrs. These samples are weighted on calibrated weighing scale. The G.S.M. may be calculated.
MEASUREMENT Short Yardage : Claims for yardage can only be based upon result obtained from yard measurement.
Measurement Variation : The variation in measurement of Paper in sheets must not exceed 0.5% either way above or below the ordered measurement, where 0.5% is less than 3 mm the maximum tolerance shall be (+-)3mm and where 0.5% exceeds 5mm the maximum possible tolerance shall be (+-) 5mm.
SPECIAL MAKINGS
For making pf group 'A', 'B', and 'C' of special size, substance, tint, water mark etc. an order shall be deemed to be properly fulfilled if the quantity supplied is with in the following limits either way of quantity ordered.
1 TONNES or LESS - 15%
Above 5 TONNES - 5%
Any excess beyond such limits shall be cut down to nearest standard sizes and taken by the buyer.
MATERIALS
Unless it is otherwise expressly stipulated in the order, the Paper maker shall be free to use his discretion in selection of materials.
CLAIMS
1. Claims on any ground, whatever must be made in writing with in 14 days of receipt of goods. But this is not to operate in cases where any defect is not revealed by normal examination of the outturn sheets or by reasonable examination of the paper on arrival.
2. Further, if defect is found, claim must be lodged in writing with in six weeks from date of receipt of goods. In all such cases, the consignment must be kept intact and, made available for inspection by the seller.
3. If an order is executed in successive lots of delivery, each delivery shall be treated as a separate contract and claims or disputes about one delivery shall not apply to the balance of the contract.